MANU BIOSPHERE RESERVE
The Manu BioSphere Reserve, internationally recognized in 1977 as a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, is composed of three main parts: Manu National Park, the Reserve Zone, and the Cultural Zone.
Separate from the Manu BioSphere, yet areas now important to conservation and indigenous Indian sustainable development projects are the private nature reserves located east of the Manu BioSphere along the Madre de Dios River. These areas are referenced as the Manu Wilderness.
Though the Peruvian Amazon is only 10% of total area of Amazonia, it represents the wildest, most wildlife-packed rain forest in the world. The density and diversity of Amazonian animal and plant species reach global maxima in the extreme western Amazon, near the foot of the Andes.
Here the Alto Madre de Dios and the Manu rivers converge to form the Madre de Dios River near the jungle town of Boca Manu. Eastward on the Madre de Dios river brings one to the Amarakaeri Indian Reserve Zone and the private nature reserve of Manu Wilderness, an area boasting the highest diversity of terrestrial life on the planet Earth.
Tributaries to the Madre de Dios offer the best opportunities for diverse wildlife viewing within a relatively small area. Within the boundaries of private conservation nature reserves that adjoin the Amarakaeri Indian Reserve Zone, Giant Otters live in the ox-bow lakes, monkeys and myriad of birds inhabit the area.
Biosphere Reserve Information
Major ecosystem type: Mixed mountain and highland systems / Tropical humid forests.
Major habitats & land cover types: Cloud forest; alpine grasslands of the Andes; rainforest; humid forest; humid sub-tropical forest; very humid sub-tropical forest characterized by mahogany (Swietenia sp. and Cedrela sp.) and the palm Phytelephas macrocarpa; very humid low mountain forest; lakes and rivers; agroecosystems.
Area (hectares): total 1,841,806.
Core area(s) 1,532,806
Buffer zone(s) 52,000
Transition area(s) 257,000
Altitude (metres above sea level): +240 to +4,000
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